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KMID : 0043320200430121335
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Archives of Pharmacal Research
2020 Volume.43 No. 12 p.1335 ~ p.1346
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Pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides following repeated oral administration of red ginseng extract significantly differ between species of experimental animals
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Jeon Ji-Hyeon
Lee Jae-Hyeok
Choi Min-Koo
Song Im-Sook
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Abstract
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We aimed to investigate ginsenoside pharmacokinetics in mice and rats following the repeated oral administration of red ginseng extract (RGE) (2 g/kg/day for 7 days). In mouse plasma, seven protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides (20(S)-ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg3, 20(S)-compound K, and 20(S)-PPD) and one protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type 20(S)-ginsenoside Re were detected, whereas 20(S)-ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, 20(S)-PPD, and 20(S)-PPT were detected in rat plasma. The tetra- or tri-glycosylated PPD-type ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd, high content ginsenosides in RGE, showed high plasma exposure, a short absorption time (Tmax), and a long elimination time (T1/2) among the ginsenosides detected in both species. Among the deglycosylated metabolites existing in the feces, 20(S)-compound K and 20(S)-PPD in mice and 20(S)-PPD and 20(S)-PPT in rats were found in the plasma samples. In addition to the differences in the ginsenosides detected in mice and rats, the Tmax and T1/2 of 20(S)-PPD and 20(S)-PPT in rats were greater than those in mice, suggesting the species-dependent difference in the gut metabolism and absorption of ginsenosides in the pathway from 20(S)-ginsenoside Rd to 20(S)-PPD and from 20(S)-ginsenoside Re to 20(S)-PPT. In conclusion, the choice of animal model should be the subject of careful consideration when exploring the pharmacology of RGE with specific focus on the plasma profile of an individual ginsenoside.
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KEYWORD
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Pharmacokinetics, Ginsenosides, Red ginseng extract, Gut metabolism, Absorption
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